34 results
In situ, broadband measurement of the radio frequency attenuation length at Summit Station, Greenland
- J. A. Aguilar, P. Allison, J. J. Beatty, D. Besson, A. Bishop, O. Botner, S. Bouma, S. Buitink, M. Cataldo, B. A. Clark, Z. Curtis-Ginsberg, A. Connolly, P. Dasgupta, S. de Kockere, K. D. de Vries, C. Deaconu, M. A. DuVernois, C. Glaser, A. Hallgren, S. Hallmann, J. C. Hanson, B. Hendricks, C. Hornhuber, K. Hughes, A. Karle, J. L. Kelley, I. Kravchenko, R. Krebs, R. Lahmann, U. Latif, J. Mammo, Z. S. Meyers, K. Michaels, K. Mulrey, A. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, E. Oberla, B. Oeyen, Y. Pan, H. Pandya, I. Plaisier, N. Punsuebsay, L. Pyras, D. Ryckbosch, O. Scholten, D. Seckel, M. F. H. Seikh, D. Smith, D. Southall, J. Torres, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, D. J. Van Den Broeck, N. van Eijndhoven, A. G. Vieregg, C. Welling, D. R. Williams, S. Wissel, R. Young, A. Zink
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Glaciology / Volume 68 / Issue 272 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2022, pp. 1234-1242
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Over the last 25 years, radiowave detection of neutrino-generated signals, using cold polar ice as the neutrino target, has emerged as perhaps the most promising technique for detection of extragalactic ultra-high energy neutrinos (corresponding to neutrino energies in excess of 0.01 Joules, or 1017 electron volts). During the summer of 2021 and in tandem with the initial deployment of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G), we conducted radioglaciological measurements at Summit Station, Greenland to refine our understanding of the ice target. We report the result of one such measurement, the radio-frequency electric field attenuation length $L_\alpha$. We find an approximately linear dependence of $L_\alpha$ on frequency with the best fit of the average field attenuation for the upper 1500 m of ice: $\langle L_\alpha \rangle = ( ( 1154 \pm 121) - ( 0.81 \pm 0.14) \, ( \nu /{\rm MHz}) ) \,{\rm m}$ for frequencies ν ∈ [145 − 350] MHz.
Water uncertainty, ritual predictability and agricultural canals at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
- Vernon L. Scarborough, Samantha G. Fladd, Nicholas P. Dunning, Stephen Plog, Lewis A. Owen, Christopher Carr, Kenneth B. Tankersley, Jon-Paul McCool, Adam S. Watson, Elizabeth A. Haussner, Brooke Crowley, Katelyn J. Bishop, David L. Lentz, R. Gwinn Vivian
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The Pueblo population of Chaco Canyon during the Bonito Phase (AD 800–1130) employed agricultural strategies and water-management systems to enhance food cultivation in this unpredictable environment. Scepticism concerning the timing and effectiveness of this system, however, remains common. Using optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments and LiDAR imaging, the authors located Bonito Phase canal features at the far west end of the canyon. Additional ED-XRF and strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analyses confirm the diversion of waters from multiple sources during Chaco’s occupation. The extent of this water-management system raises new questions about social organisation and the role of ritual in facilitating responses to environmental unpredictability.
2013 multistate outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections associated with fresh produce: focus on the Texas investigations
- F. ABANYIE, R. R. HARVEY, J. R. HARRIS, R. E. WIEGAND, L. GAUL, M. DESVIGNES-KENDRICK, K. IRVIN, I. WILLIAMS, R. L. HALL, B. HERWALDT, E. B. GRAY, Y. QVARNSTROM, M. E. WISE, V. CANTU, P. T. CANTEY, S. BOSCH, A. J. DA SILVA, A. FIELDS, H. BISHOP, A. WELLMAN, J. BEAL, N. WILSON, A. E. FIORE, R. TAUXE, S. LANCE, L. SLUTSKER, M. PARISE, the Multistate Cyclosporiasis Outbreak Investigation Team
-
- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 143 / Issue 16 / December 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 April 2015, pp. 3451-3458
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The 2013 multistate outbreaks contributed to the largest annual number of reported US cases of cyclosporiasis since 1997. In this paper we focus on investigations in Texas. We defined an outbreak-associated case as laboratory-confirmed cyclosporiasis in a person with illness onset between 1 June and 31 August 2013, with no history of international travel in the previous 14 days. Epidemiological, environmental, and traceback investigations were conducted. Of the 631 cases reported in the multistate outbreaks, Texas reported the greatest number of cases, 270 (43%). More than 70 clusters were identified in Texas, four of which were further investigated. One restaurant-associated cluster of 25 case-patients was selected for a case-control study. Consumption of cilantro was most strongly associated with illness on meal date-matched analysis (matched odds ratio 19·8, 95% confidence interval 4·0–∞). All case-patients in the other three clusters investigated also ate cilantro. Traceback investigations converged on three suppliers in Puebla, Mexico. Cilantro was the vehicle of infection in the four clusters investigated; the temporal association of these clusters with the large overall increase in cyclosporiasis cases in Texas suggests cilantro was the vehicle of infection for many other cases. However, the paucity of epidemiological and traceback information does not allow for a conclusive determination; moreover, molecular epidemiological tools for cyclosporiasis that could provide more definitive linkage between case clusters are needed.
Effect and mode of action of the Texel muscling QTL (TM-QTL) on carcass traits in purebred Texel lambs
- J. M. Macfarlane, N. R. Lambe, O. Matika, P. L. Johnson, B. T. Wolf, W. Haresign, S. C. Bishop, L. Bünger
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
TM-QTL is a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on ovine chromosome 18 (OAR18) known to affect loin muscling in Texel sheep. Previous work suggested that its mode of inheritance is consistent with paternal polar overdominance, but this has yet to be formally demonstrated. This study used purebred Texel sheep segregating for TM-QTL to confirm its presence in the chromosomal region in which it was first reported and to determine its pattern of inheritance. To do so, this study used the first available data from a Texel flock, which included homozygote TM-QTL carriers (TM/TM; n=34) in addition to homozygote non-carriers (+/+; n=40 and, heterozygote TM-QTL-carriers inheriting TM-QTL from their sire (TM/+; n=53) or their dam (+/TM; n=17). Phenotypes included a wide range of loin muscling, carcass composition and tissue distribution traits. The presence of a QTL affecting ultrasound muscle depth on OAR18 was confirmed with a paternal QTL effect ranging from +0.54 to +2.82 mm UMD (s.e. 0.37 to 0.57 mm) across the sires segregating for TM-QTL. Loin muscle width, depth and area, loin muscle volume and dissected M. longissimus lumborum weight were significantly greater for TM/+ than +/+ lambs (+2.9% to +7.9%; P<0.05). There was significant evidence that the effect of TM-QTL on the various loin muscling traits measured was paternally polar overdominant (P<0.05). In contrast, there was an additive effect of TM-QTL on both live weight at 20 weeks and carcass weight; TM/TM animals were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than +/+ (+11.1% and +7.3%, respectively) and +/TM animals (+11.9% and +11.7%, respectively), with TM/+ intermediate. Weights of the leg, saddle and shoulder region (corrected for carcass weight) were similar in the genotypic groups. There was a tendency for lambs inheriting TM-QTL from their sire to be less fat with slightly more muscle than non-carriers. For example, carcass muscle weight measured by live animal CT-scanning was 2.8% higher in TM/TM than +/+ lambs (P<0.05), carcass muscle weight measured by carcass CT-scanning was 1.36% higher in TM/+ than +/+ lambs (P<0.05), and weight of fat trimmed from the carcass cuts was significantly lower for TM/+ than +/+ lambs (−11.2%; P<0.05). No negative effects of TM-QTL on carcass traits were found. Optimal commercial use of TM-QTL within the sheep industry would require some consideration, due to the apparently different mode of action of the two main effects of TM-QTL (on growth and muscling).
National patterns of Escherichia coli O157 infections, USA, 1996–2011
- S. V. SODHA, K. HEIMAN, L. H. GOULD, R. BISHOP, M. IWAMOTO, D. L. SWERDLOW, P. M. GRIFFIN
-
- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 143 / Issue 2 / January 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2014, pp. 267-273
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
US public health laboratories began reporting Escherichia coli O157 isolates to CDC in 1996. We describe temporal and geographical patterns of isolates reported from 1996 to 2011 and demographics of persons whose specimens yielded isolates. We calculated annual E. coli O157 isolation rates/100 000 persons by patient's state of residence, county of residence, age, and sex using census data. The average annual isolation rate was 0·84. The average isolation rate in northern states (1·52) was higher than in southern states (0·43). Counties with ⩾76% rural population had a lower isolation rate (0·67) than counties with ⩽25%, 26–50%, and 51–75% rural populations (0·81, 0·92, and 0·81, respectively). The highest isolation rate (3·19) was in children aged 1–4 years. Infections were seasonal with 49% of isolates collected during July to September. Research into reasons for higher incidence in northern states and for seasonality could guide strategies to prevent illnesses.
List of Contributors
-
- By Adam K. Anderson, Jorge Armony, Anthony P. Atkinson, Sonia Bishop, Carolin Brück, Roberto Cabeza, Frances S. Chen, Hugo D. Critchley, Mauricio R. Delgado, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, Gregor Domes, Judith Domínguez-Borràs, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Thomas Ethofer, Dominic S. Fareri, Lesley K. Fellows, Sophie Forster, Katherine Gardhouse, Nathalie George, Jay A. Gottfried, Jung Eun Han, Ahmad R. Hariri, Neil A. Harrison, Markus Heinrichs, Alisha C. Holland, Andreas Keil, Elizabeth A. Kensinger, Johanna Kissler, Olga Klimecki, Stefan Koelsch, Sylvia D. Kreibig, Benjamin Kreifelts, Robert Kumsta, Kevin S. LaBar, Eamon J. McCrory, Aprajita Mohanty, Jorge Moll, John P. O’Doherty, Leticia Oliveira, Mirtes Pereira, Luiz Pessoa, K. Luan Phan, Pierre Rainville, David Sander, Annett Schirmer, Catherine L. Sebastian, Tania Singer, Chandra Sekhar Sripada, Peggy L. St. Jacques, Essi Viding, Patrik Vuilleumier, Dirk Wildgruber, Amy Winecoff, Roland Zahn
- Edited by Jorge Armony, McGill University, Montréal, Patrik Vuilleumier, Université de Genève
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Human Affective Neuroscience
- Published online:
- 05 February 2013
- Print publication:
- 21 January 2013, pp xi-xii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Genetic variation among lambs in peripheral IgE activity against the larval stages of Teladorsagia circumcincta
- L. MURPHY, P. D. ECKERSALL, S. C. BISHOP, J. J. PETTIT, J. F. HUNTLEY, R. BURCHMORE, M. J. STEAR
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 137 / Issue 8 / July 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2010, pp. 1249-1260
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
IgA and IgE activity against Teladorsagia circumcincta was investigated in a flock of Texel lambs following natural, mixed nematode infection among lambs. The distribution of IgA activity was similar to a gamma distribution whereas IgE activity was different. Box-Cox analysis demonstrated that X0·25 was a suitable transformation to normalise IgE responses. The transformed IgE activity was under moderate to strong genetic control. Nine different allergens were identified by proteomic analysis. Tropomyosin was selected for further analysis. IgE activity against tropomyosin was moderately heritable and associated with decreased egg counts and with reduced body weight at the time of sampling.
Update on the Performance of the SUERC In Situ Cosmogenic 14C Extraction Line
- R H Fülöp, P Naysmith, G T Cook, D Fabel, S Xu, P Bishop
-
- Journal:
- Radiocarbon / Volume 52 / Issue 3 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 July 2016, pp. 1288-1294
- Print publication:
- 2010
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
In this paper, we describe improvements to the in situ cosmogenic radiocarbon extraction system at SUERC made since 2004, highlighting the factors that potentially control the reduction of analytical variability. We also present new results on system blanks and of measurements of in situ14C in shielded quartz and a surface quartz sample used at the University of Arizona as an in situ14C standard (PP-4). The SUERC in situ14C extraction system was built in 2001 and is based on a combustion technique following the design of the extraction system at the University of Arizona. Our preliminary results suggest that the continuous running of the extraction system and the monitoring of gas collecting time and of the temperature of the cryogenic traps used in the gas cleaning steps are key to maintaining low and stable system blanks. Our latest average system blank is 2.02 ± 0.23 x 10514C atoms. This is consistent with those recently published by the University of Arizona and ETH in situ14C labs. Measurements of in situ14C concentrations in sample PP-4 yield an average of 3.82 ± 0.23 x 105 atoms g–1 quartz, again consistent with published values.
Characterization of third chromosome dominant α-methyl dopa resistant mutants (Tcr) and their interactions with l(2)amd α-methyl dopa hypersensitive alleles in Drosophila melanogaster
- Clifton P. Bishop, Allen F. Sherald, Theodore R. F. Wright
-
- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 54 / Issue 2 / October 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, pp. 93-99
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
In Drosophila melanogaster two alleles at the Third chromosome resistance locus (Tcr; 3–39·6) were isolated in a screen of EMS mutagenized third chromosomes for dominant resistance to dietary α-methyl dopa, α-MD, a structural analogue of DOPA. Both alleles of Tcr are recessive lethals exhibiting partial complementation. Almost half (48·3%) of the Tcr40 / Tcr45 heterozygotes die as embryos but some survive past adult eclosion. Both the embryonic lethal phenotype and the adult phenotype suggest that Tcr is involved in cuticle synthesis. Tcr mutants suppress the lethality of partially complementing alleles at the α-MD hypersensitive locus, l(2)amd. The viability of Tcr40 / Tcr45, however, is not increased by the presence of a l(2)amd allele. The possibility that the Tcr and l(2)amd mutations reveal a catecholamine metabolic pathway involved in cuticle structure is discussed.
Molecular characterization of Theileria parasites: application to the epidemiology of theileriosis in Zimbabwe
- R. P. Bishop, P.R. Spooner, G. K. Kanhai, J. Kiarie, A. A. Latif, T. Hove, S. Masaka, T. T. Dolan
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 109 / Issue 5 / December 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 573-581
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Forty Theileria schizont-infected lymphocyte culture isolates from Zimbabwe were characterized using a panel of antischizont monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and 4 Theileria parva DNA probes containing cloned extrachromosomal element, Tpr repetitive, ribosomal and telomeric sequences. The Theileria isolates were assigned as T. parva or T. taurotragi on the basis of reactivities with MAbs and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected using the extra chromosomal element probe. Cattle-derived T. parva isolates were relatively homogeneous on the basis of reactivities with MAbs and RFLPs detected using Tpr repetitive and ribosomal DNA probes. In contrast to previous results from Kenya, most of the cattle-derived isolates from Zimbabwe exhibited very similar Tpr restriction fragment patterns, although the Tpr genotypes of buffalo-derived isolates were heterogeneous. This suggests that selection for a particular Tpr genotype may be occurring in cattle. Many isolates with similar Tpr genotypes were differentiated by RFLPs detected using the telomeric DNA probe. The T. parva Boleni immunizing stock was distinguished from all other isolates by telomeric RFLPs. The T. parva Boleni Tpr repetitive DNA probe cross-hybridized with T. taurotragi DNA and detected RFLPs between different T. taurotragi isolates.
Detection of a carrier state in Theileria parva-infected cattle by the polymerase chain reaction
- R. Bishop, B. Sohanpal, D. P. Kariuki, A. S. Young, V. Nene, H. Baylis, B. A. Allsopp, P. R. Spooner, T. T. Dolan, S. P. Morzaria
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 104 / Issue 2 / April 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 215-232
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Two sets of oligonucleotide primers, one derived from a repetitive sequence and the other from the gene encoding a 67 kDa sporozoite antigen of Theileria parva, were used to amplify parasite DNA from the blood of T. parva-infected carrier cattle using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplification products were obtained from 15 carrier cattle infected with one of 4 different T. parva stocks. Successful amplifications were performed using DNA from 2 cattle infected with T. p. parva Pemba Mnarani, 10 cattle infected with T. p. parva Marikebuni, 2 cattle infected with T. p. bovis Boleni and 1 animal infected with T. p. lawrencei 7014. No amplification products were obtained from any of 7 cattle which had been infected with the T. p. parva Muguga stock. A synthetic oligonucleotide, which hybridized specifically to T. p. parva Marikebuni DNA among 6 T. parva stocks tested, was designed using sequence data from within the region of the T. parva genome amplified by the repetitive sequence primers. The oligonucleotide was used to probe PCR products and to increase the sensitivity and specificity of carrier animal detection. Southern blot analysis using a T. parva repetitive sequence probe demonstrated the existence of restriction fragment length polymorphisms between parasites isolated from T. p. parva Marikebuni-infected carrier cattle. The use of the PCR and other methods of carrier animal detection are discussed.
Generation and characterization of cloned Theileria parva parasites
- S. P. Morzaria, T. T. Dolan, R. A. I. Norval, R. P. Bishop, P. R. Spooner
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 111 / Issue 1 / July 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 39-49
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A 3-step procedure for cloning Theileria parva parasites was developed. The first step involved the in vitro infection of a fixed number of bovine lymphocytes with titrated sporozoites. The cell lines obtained from infections initiated using sporozoite/lymphocyte ratios below 1:100 were then selected for cloning as these contained schizont-infected cells, each of which was derived from infection with a single sporozoite. In the second step, these cell lines were cloned by limiting dilution. As sporozoites infect lymphocytes and transform to induce clonal multiplication, this step produced infected cell lines containing both cloned parasites and cloned lymphocytes. In the third step, the cloned cell lines were used to infect cattle and isolation of the parasite in ticks was made during piroplasm parasitaemia. Finally, sporozoites were harvested from infected ticks and used for further characterization. Sporozoites derived from cloned cell lines of T. parva Muguga, Marikebuni, Boleni, Uganda and buffalo-derived 7014 were characterized using monoclonal antibody profiles, DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism detected using repetitive and telomeric probes, in vivo infectivity and, in one case, cross-immunity studies. Additionally, several distinct schizont-infected lymphocyte clones were isolated from the Muguga, Mariakani and buffalo-derived 7014 stocks. The combined results of the characterization revealed that the cloning procedure selected clones of T. parva from the parental stocks which were known to contain a mixture of genetically different parasite populations. The cloning method and the clones generated will be of value in studies of the biology of the parasite and in elucidating the strain specificity of immune responses in cattle.
Detection of polymorphisms among Theileria parva stocks using repetitive, telomeric and ribosomal DNA probes and anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies
- R. P. Bishop, B. K. Sohanpal, B. A. Allsopp, P. R. Spooner, T. T. Dolan, S. P. Morzaria
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 107 / Issue 1 / July 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 19-31
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A total of 21 Theileria parva stocks from 6 countries were characterized using T. parva repetitive and ribosomal DNA probes, a Plasmodium berghei telomeric oligonucleotide and a panel of anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Hybridization of the repetitive DNA probe to Southern blots of EcoRI-digested T. parva DNA revealed 20 different restriction fragment patterns among DNA samples isolated from infections initiated using 16 parasite stocks. The panel of anti-schizont MAbs defined 8 different profiles among schizont-infected lymphoblastoid cell-cultures infected with the same 16 T. parva stocks. Many stocks, which were differentiated by the repetitive DNA probe, could not be distinguished using the anti-schizont MAbs. A cloned T. parva small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene probe separated 17 T. parva stocks into 2 groups, exhibiting either 1 or 2 restriction fragments, when hybridized to EcoRI-digested T. parva DNA. When hybridized to PvuII-digested DNA from 8 T. parva stocks, the ribosomal probe identified 4 groups with similar restriction fragment patterns. A synthetic oligonucleotide derived from a P. berghei telomeric sequence hybridized to 7 or 8 size-polymorphic restriction fragments in the EcoRI-digested DNA of most T. parva stocks. The telomeric and ribosomal probes defined the same 4 groups among 8 T. parva stocks as assessed by similarities in restriction fragment patterns. Based on the comparison of repetitive DNA sequences from the T. parva Uganda and Muguga stocks, a synthetic oligonucleotide was developed which distinguished the DNA of the T. parva Uganda stock from that of 4 other T. parva stocks on a positive/negative basis.
Characterization of Theileria parva which infects waterbuck (Kobus defassa)
- D. A. Stagg, R. P. Bishop, S. P. Morzaria, M. K. Shaw, D. Wesonga, G. O. Orinda, J. G. Grootenhuis, D. H. Molyneux, A. S. Young
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 108 / Issue 5 / June 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 543-554
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Theileria-free waterbuck (Kobus defassa) born in captivity were successfully infected with Theileria parva sporozoites derived from ticks infected by feeding on African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). All waterbuck underwent mild infections with the development of sporadic schizont and piroplasm parasitosis when inoculated with sporozoite doses lethal to cattle. A carrier state of T. parva was demonstrated by feeding clean R. appendiculatus nymphs on two of these infected waterbuck. Tick batches from these waterbuck on 2 of 5 occasions transmitted lethal Theileria infections to cattle. In a separate experiment, waterbuck cells were infected and transformed in vitro by T. parva sporozoites derived from buffalo but not by cattle-derived T. parva (Muguga) sporozoites. Waterbuck cells infected in vitro with T. parva isolated from buffalo were inoculated into autologous waterbuck but no infections developed. Theileria parva isolates generated in this study from various sources were characterized using anti-T. parva schizont monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and it was found that buffalo-derived and waterbuck-passaged isolates had different profiles. Species-specific synthetic oligonucleotide probes, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with cloned T. parva DNA probes, and DNA sequence analysis of the p67 sporozoite antigen gene confirmed that the waterbuck-passaged parasite was T. parva. The Tpr repetitive probe hybridization patterns from the waterbuck-passaged parasites were different from the other samples tested. The ribosomal genotype of the waterbuck-passaged T. parva was similar to that of cattle-derived T. parva Muguga. Analyses with both probes and MAbs suggested that a minor parasite population present within the T. parva 7014 buffalo- derived stock had been selected during waterbuck passage. A variable region of the p67 sporozoite antigen gene of the waterbuck-passaged T. parva was similar to that of cattle-derived T. parva stocks and different from that of buffalo- derived parasites. Based on these results, methods were suggested to confirm and quantitate the involvement of waterbuck in the epidemiology of cattle theileriosis.
Discrimination between six species of Theileria using oligonucleotide probes which detect small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences
- B. A. Allsopp, H. A. Baylis, M. T. E. P. Allsoppi, T. Cavalier-Smith, R. P. Bishop, D. M. Carrington, B. Sohanpal, P. Spooner
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 107 / Issue 2 / August 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 157-165
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The complete small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene of Theileria parva was cloned and sequenced. Two primers were designed which permitted the specific amplification of part of the Theileria srRNA gene from Theileria-infected cell line samples which were predominantly (> 95%) bovine DNA. The sequence of the central (variable) region of the srRNA genes of T. annulata, T. taurotragi, T. mutans and two unidentified parasites referred to as Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (Marula) were obtained. An alignment of the sequences was generated from which 6 oligonucleotide probes, corresponding to species-specific regions, were designed. These probes were demonstrated to provide unequivocal identification of each of the 6 species either by direct detection of parasite srRNA or by hybridization to amplified parasite srRNA genes. The probes were not able to distinguish buffalo-derived T. parva, the causal agent of Corridor disease, from cattle-derived T. parva, the causal agent of East Coast fever.
Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infections in Denmark and Australia linked to consumption of imported raw baby corn
- H. C. LEWIS, S. ETHELBERG, K. E. P. OLSEN, E. M. NIELSEN, M. LISBY, S. B. MADSEN, J. BOEL, R. STAFFORD, M. KIRK, H. V. SMITH, S. TIKUMRUM, A. WISETROJANA, A. BANGTRAKULNONTH, J. VITHAYARUNGRUANGSRI, P. SIRIARAYAPORN, K. UNGCHUSAK, J. BISHOP, K. MØLBAK
-
- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 137 / Issue 3 / March 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2009, pp. 326-334
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
We investigated an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in Denmark and Australia associated with imported baby corn from one packing shed in Thailand. We reviewed nationwide surveillance and undertook case finding, food trace-back and microbiological investigation of human, food and environmental samples. A recall of baby corn and sugar snaps was based on descriptive epidemiological evidence. In Denmark, we undertook a retrospective cohort study in one workplace. In total, 215 cases were laboratory-confirmed in Denmark, and 12 in Australia. In a multivariable analysis, baby corn was the only independent risk factor. Antibiotic resistance and PFGE outbreak profiles in Denmark and Australia were indistinguishable, linking the outbreaks. Although we did not detect S. sonnei in baby corn, we isolated high levels of other enteric pathogens. We identified a packing shed in Thailand that supplied baby corn to Denmark and Australia, and uncovered unhygienic practices in the supply chain. This outbreak highlights the importance of international communication in linking outbreaks and pinpointing the source.
Theileria parva live vaccination: parasite transmission, persistence and heterologous challenge in the field
- C. A. L. OURA, R. BISHOP, B. B. ASIIMWE, P. SPOONER, G. W. LUBEGA, A. TAIT
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 134 / Issue 9 / August 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 March 2007, pp. 1205-1213
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The ‘Muguga cocktail’ live vaccine, delivered by an infection and treatment protocol, has been widely deployed in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa to protect cattle against East Coast fever, caused by Theileria parva. The vaccine contains 3 component stocks (Muguga, Serengeti-transformed and Kiambu 5). In a previous study, parasites from vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were genotyped with a panel of micro- and minisatellite markers (Oura et al.2004a) and it was shown that only the Kiambu 5 stock establishes a long-term carrier state but there was no evidence for the transmission of this stock. Also parasite genotypes different from the 3 component vaccine stocks were identified in vaccinated animals. We now report a follow-up study on the same farm, some 4 years after the initial vaccination, aimed at establishing the source of the novel parasite genotypes identified in vaccinated cattle, determining the longevity of the carrier state established by the Kiambu 5 vaccine stock and re-examining whether vaccine transmission can occur over a longer time-scale. To do this, samples were taken from vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle and the parasites were genotyped with a series of micro- and minisatellite markers. The data indicate that the vaccine stabilates contain at least 6 parasite genotypes, the Kiambu 5 stock can be detected in many but not all vaccinated cattle for up to 4 years and can be transmitted to unvaccinated cattle which share grazing and that some of the vaccinated animals become infected with local genotypes without causing overt disease.
A pilot study investigating the relationship between perceived and actual workload and estimated energy intake in riding centre horses
- H Dekker, D Marlin, L Alexander, R Bishop, P Harris
-
- Journal:
- Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology / Volume 4 / Issue 1 / February 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2007, pp. 7-14
- Print publication:
- February 2007
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Feeding regimens for horses are usually based on perceived workload (PW) together with body condition. This can lead to inappropriate energy intake and, in particular, excess weight. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the factors influencing individual energy needs under practical field conditions would be valuable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate to what extent the variations in actual versus PW may influence the estimated energy intake required to maintain body weight (BW) in individual animals. Eight mature, experienced riding school horses, chosen at random and maintaining a constant BW, were observed in standard flat work lessons with four different instructors at an equine training college. Heart rate (HR) and the structure of the lessons were recorded. Relative workload (RW) was determined for each horse by dividing its average HR per lesson by its estimated maximum HR (HRmax). PW was estimated by each instructor for each horse using a scale of 1–5. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to determine the differences and Spearman's and Pearson's correlations were used to determine the correlations. The mean estimated RW was 39.1% of the estimated HRmax ( ± 5.7%) and was not significantly different between instructors (P>0.05). Rider weight as a percentage of BW showed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation with mean HR (r2 = 0.14, P < 0.05). Estimated energy intake was negatively correlated with BCS (r2 = 0.65, P < 0.001) and differed significantly (P < 0.05) between light (BW = 455–532 kg) horses (mean 0.18 ± 0.04 MJ kg− 1 BW) and heavy (BW = 622–660 kg) horses (mean 0.15 ± 0.03 MJ kg− 1 BW). No difference was found in estimated energy intake between different workloads (flat work only or flat work and jumping) (P>0.05). When BW was compared with estimated energy intake, no relation was found either (P>0.05). These results suggest that the amount of energy needed to maintain BW in individual horses cannot necessarily be estimated simply on the basis of the intensity and the duration of structured exercise. Other factors including age, individual digestive and metabolic efficiency, body condition and possibly the energy utilized through non-structured activity (e.g. box walking) may need to be taken into account.
QTL affecting fatty acid composition of meat in Scottish Blackface sheep
- E Karamichou, R I Richardson, G R Nute, K P Gibson, S C Bishop
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science / Volume 2006 / March 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 November 2017, p. 12
- Print publication:
- March 2006
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
There has been an increased interest in recent year in manipulating meat fatty acid composition, because meat is a major source of fat in the diet - particularly saturated fatty acids, which have been implicated in diseases associated with modern life. Conversely, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which lower blood cholesterol concentrations, are present at low levels in meat, especially those of the n-3 series which are beneficial to health. Sales of meat have remained static or fallen slightly in recent years (Wood et al., 1999). This pressure on sales has caused a reappraisal of the factors which influence the appeal of meat to consumers, which together constitute ‘quality’, with one of these factors being the fatty acid composition. Like most animal production traits, fatty acid composition is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and the aim of the present study was to locate QTL affecting fatty acid composition in Scottish Blackface lamb meat.